The re-organisation of a school system : consultation and policy-making in a local education authority

The contribution of consultation among the policy-makers and with their clients to the development of educational policy for the City of Hull is assessed between 1977 and 1985. In the period under review Humberside moved from a gradualist approach to dealing with falling enrolments, which entailed the retention of transfer to secondary education at 13, to a radical re-appraisal of the school system as a whole and a decision to return to transfer at 11 and the establishment of sixth form colleges. The series of consultations which accompanied the development of that policy, within the context of central government advice, is examined, together with the parallel consultations with the Church of England and among the Roman Catholic community.The principal objectives of the study are to determine the influence of client consultation on the development of policy aims and on the determination of particular policy decisions, in addition to an appraisal of the participants' perceptions of the objectives and the outcomes of the consultations studied. The methodology employed involved a document and literature search, non-participant observation, interviews with a sample of participants, and a questionnaire survey.The series of consultative episodes is subjected to examination against models of local authority decision-making derived from the literature with the purpose of generating hypotheses about the consultative process and decision-making at local education authority level. From the cases reviewed it is concluded that the role of client consultation can be both strategic and tactical, but that it is principally constrained by the political leadership's assessment of its potential role and the focus they provide for it. In the case of Humberside client consultation contributed to a change in the direction of policy in so far as the politicians used its outcomes to assess the extent of change necessary, but, when strategy had been politically determined, its potential for effecting change became tactical and was limited to modifying the application of that strategy.Consultation also made some contribution to greater public understanding of the Authority's policy and to making that policy more acceptable to those affected by it

Lightweight IMM PV Flexible Blanket Assembly

Deployable Space Systems (DSS) has developed an inverted metamorphic multijunction (IMM) photovoltaic (PV) integrated modular blanket assembly (IMBA) that can be rolled or z-folded. This IMM PV IMBA technology enables a revolutionary flexible PV blanket assembly that provides high specific power, exceptional stowed packaging efficiency, and high-voltage operation capability. DSS's technology also accommodates standard third-generation triple junction (ZTJ) PV device technologies to provide significantly improved performance over the current state of the art. This SBIR project demonstrated prototype, flight-like IMM PV IMBA panel assemblies specifically developed, designed, and optimized for NASA's high-voltage solar array missions

Optimization of the Roll-Out Solar Array (ROSA) and Mega-ROSA

Phase II Objectives: Optimize Mega-ROSA/ROSA solar array materials and structures; Characterize creep/relaxation phenomena; Perform analytical modeling; Optimize the array's manufacturing proces

Equilibrium and Explanation in 18th Century Mechanics

The received view of the Scientific Revolution is that it was completed withthe publication of Isaac Newton's (1642-1727) {em Philosophiae NaturalisPrincipia Mathematica} in 1687. Work on mechanics in the century or more following was thought to be merely a working out the mathematical details ofNewton's program, in particular oftranslating his mechanics from its synthetic expression into analytic form. Ishow that the mechanics of Leonhard Euler (1707--1782) and Joseph-LouisLagrange (1736--1813) did not begin with Newton's Three Laws. They providedtheir own beginning principles and interpretations of the relation betweenmathematical description and nature. Functional relations among the quantifiedproperties of bodies were interpreted as basic mechanical connections betweenthose bodies. Equilibrium played an important role in explaining the behaviorof physical systems understood mechanically. Some behavior was revealed to bean equilibrium condition; other behavior was understood as a variation fromequilibrium. Implications for scientific explanation are then drawn fromthese historical considerations, specifically an alternative account ofmechanical explanation and unification. Trying to cast mechanicalexplanations (of the kind considered here) as Kitcher-style argument schemafails to distinguish legitimate from spurious explanations. Consideration ofthe mechanical analogies lying behind the schema are required

Social Network and Social Support at a Clubhouse Program

Recovery is an increasingly important concept in severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). In the context of SPMI, Clubhouses are self-help programs that foster recovery-oriented attitudes of their members. To date, there is no study describing the manner in which Clubhouses do this. Two possible mechanisms include member affiliation to the Clubhouse and a willingness of members to offer emotional social support to other members. In this exploratory study, researchers tested these mechanisms by administering a pencil-and-paper social network survey, a Clubhouse affiliation scale, and the Maryland Assessment of Recovery in People with Severe Mental Illness (MARS) to Clubhouse members (n=46). Preliminary results indicated that member affiliation with the Clubhouse and the number of members’ positive comments directed at other members predict scores on the MARS (t=2.888, p=0.00617; t=2.288, p=0.02738, respectively) regardless of Clubhouse attendance, which did not predict MARS scores. While this is an exploratory study, it supports the possibility that both member affiliation with the Clubhouse and a willingness of members to offer emotional social support to other members might contribute to recovery-oriented attitudes in people with SPMI.No embargoAcademic Major: Social Wor

Mars pathfinder Rover egress deployable ramp assembly

The Mars Pathfinder Program is a NASA Discovery Mission, led by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, to launch and place a small planetary Rover for exploration on the Martian surface. To enable safe and successful egress of the Rover vehicle from the spacecraft, a pair of flight-qualified, deployable ramp assemblies have been developed. This paper focuses on the unique, lightweight deployable ramp assemblies. A brief mission overview and key design requirements are discussed. Design and development activities leading to qualification and flight systems are presented

FACT, Mega-ROSA, SOLAROSA

The Flexible Array Concentrator Technology (FACT) is a lightweight, high-performance reflective concentrator blanket assembly that can be used on flexible solar array blankets. The FACT concentrator replaces every other row of solar cells on a solar array blanket, significantly reducing the cost of the array. The modular design is highly scalable for the array system designer, and exhibits compact stowage, good off-pointing acceptance, and mass/cost savings. The assembly s relatively low concentration ratio, accompanied by a large radiative area, provides for a low cell operating temperature, and eliminates many of the thermal problems inherent in high-concentration-ratio designs. Unlike other reflector technologies, the FACT concentrator modules function on both z-fold and rolled flexible solar array blankets, as well as rigid array systems. Mega-ROSA (Mega Roll-Out Solar Array) is a new, highly modularized and extremely scalable version of ROSA that provides immense power level range capability from 100 kW to several MW in size. Mega-ROSA will enable extremely high-power spacecraft and SEP-powered missions, including space-tug and largescale planetary science and lunar/asteroid exploration missions. Mega-ROSA's inherent broad power scalability is achieved while retaining ROSA s solar array performance metrics and missionenabling features for lightweight, compact stowage volume and affordability. This innovation will enable future ultra-high-power missions through lowcost (25 to 50% cost savings, depending on PV and blanket technology), lightweight, high specific power (greater than 200 to 400 Watts per kilogram BOL (beginning-of-life) at the wing level depending on PV and blanket technology), compact stowage volume (greater than 50 kilowatts per cubic meter for very large arrays), high reliability, platform simplicity (low failure modes), high deployed strength/stiffness when scaled to huge sizes, and high-voltage operation capability. Mega-ROSA is adaptable to all photovoltaic and concentrator flexible blanket technologies, and can readily accommodate standard multijunction and emerging ultra-lightweight IMM (inverted metamorphic) photovoltaic flexible blanket assemblies, as well as ENTECHs Stretched Lens Array (SLA) and DSSs (Deployable Space Systems) FACT, which allows for cost reduction at the array level

Using broadband to further a career: Earning a degree From home

The Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service periodically issues revisions to its publications. The most current edition is made available. For access to an earlier edition, if available for this title, please contact the Oklahoma State University Library Archives by email at [email protected] or by phone at 405-744-6311

Geographic variation in timing of fry emergence and smolt migration of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

The timing of two events in the early life history of coho salmon--emergence from the gravel and entry into the ocean--is presumed to have evolved to ensure maximum survival during these transition periods. Anthropogenic disturbances may disrupt the timing of these events to the detriment of salmon populations. Multivariate analyses were used to examine regional patterns in downstream migration in relation to environmental variation for 50 smolt populations located between central California and southern Alaska. Significant latitudinal gradients were observed in the timing of the peak of migration, duration of migration, and degree of interannual variation in the peak of migration. Smolt migrations of northern populations generally occurred later in the spring, were shorter in duration, and exhibited lower interannual variability in their timing than did those of southern populations. Some variability in these patterns was associated with watershed characteristics (e.g., elevation, distance from ocean); however, latitudinal patterns transcended this variability and may reflect adaptation to differences in temporal "windows of opportunity" in the ocean environments into which smolts enter. Logistic regression models were used to model within- and between-year variation in probability of smolts migrating during 2-d intervals from four streams in Alaska, British Columbia, and Oregon as a function of time interval, lunar periodicity, temperature (absolute, change, cumulative degree days), and streamflow (absolute, change). Migration probability was positively associated with time, temperature, and change in flow, and negatively associated with absolute flow for at least four of the five data sets examined (P <0.05). Significant, but contradictory, relationships between lunar phase and migration probability were also found. Temperature-based models of embryo and alevin development were coupled with information on stream temperatures to examine regional differences in sensitivity of these life stages to climate warming. Modest stream warming (0.5 to 2.0°C) would substantially accelerate embryo and alevin development, reducing the time between spawning and emergence by two months or more. Changes in development time were predicted to be greatest at higher latitudes and elevations (e.g., Alaska and interior British Columbia), where average incubation temperatures are presently the coldest